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Ternary catalysts are catalysts composed of three metals: platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh). The following steps can be used to extract these three metals.
Catalyst pretreatment: The used catalyst is subjected to a series of pretreatment steps, such as roasting and acid washing, to remove residual organics and impurities and to make the catalyst easier to decompose and recover.
Decomposition: The pretreated catalyst is decomposed under high temperature and pressure to dissolve its metal ions in a solvent. This usually uses concentrated hydrochloric acid as the decomposing agent.
Precipitation: The platinum, palladium and rhodium ions in solution are reacted with a suitable reducing agent to precipitate them into metallic form. Common reducing agents include sodium hypochlorite, sodium sulfite and methanol.
Filtration and washing: The metal precipitate is filtered and washed with an appropriate solution to remove unreacted ions and impurities.
Drying and Crushing: The filtered and washed metal precipitate is dried and crushed to a fine powder using mechanical crushing equipment.
Quality testing: The extracted platinum, palladium and rhodium are tested for quality using chemical analysis methods to ensure that their purity is as required.
